Multipla kemična občutljivost (MCS – Multiple Chemical Sensitivity) oz. idiopatska okoljska intoleranca (IEI - Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance)
MCS je kronična bolezen fizičnega izvora, ki se lahko pojavi v kateremkoli starostnem obdobju. Običajno je posledica večje obremenjenosti s strupenimi snovmi. Bolj kot kratkotrajna hujša obremenitev je problematična dlje trajajoča manjša obremenitev kot npr. v bolnih stavbah ali zaradi notranje obremenitve pri dolgotrajnem slabem zdravju, zaradi okužbe ali gliv.
Prizadeti imajo okvarjene procese razstrupljanja, zato močno odreagirajo na najmanjše količine strupenih snovi. Težave imajo zaradi dišav, kozmetičnih proizvodov, zdravil, detergentov, čistil, pesticidov, dima, izpušnih plinov, topil … Lahko gre za alergičnim podobne reakcije, v hujših primerih lahko pride celo do anafilaktičnega šoka. Simptomi so odvisni od intenzivnosti obremenitve, reakcija se lahko pojavi takoj ali pa šele nekaj ur po izpostavitvi. Lahko gre za glavobole, slabost, vrtoglavico, dezorientiranost, zmedenost, težave z dihanjem, izčrpanost, bolečine v mišicah …
Problem ni le v reakciji na trenutno izpostavljenost in v trajnih poškodbah, ki jih izpostavljenost kemikalijam povzroča, ampak tudi v vedno večji senzitizaciji. Pogosta izpostavljenost občutljivost človeka poveča. Spremeni se tudi občutek za voh, pri ljudeh z MCS je od 100 do 1000-krat boljši kot pri drugih. Ker so nekateri iritanti v zraku brez vonja, je velikokrat kljub temu zelo težko ugotoviti, na kaj prizadeti reagirajo.
MCS človeka zelo ovira v življenju, vpliva na vse socialne interakcije in v hudi obliki vodi v povsem izolirano življenje. Zelo občutljivi posamezniki lahko postanejo intolerantni na vrsto hrane, lahko se pojavi tudi občutljivost na elektromagnetna polja.
Koliko je prizadetih, ni znano. Obstajajo le ocene, povečini navajajo med 10 in 30% populacije. Mnogi težave zamenjujejo z alergijo. Le manjši delež ima uradno diagnozo, ker je še premalo poznana.
Simptomi niso pri vseh enaki tako kot tudi stopnja prizadetosti ni pri vseh enaka. Odvisni so od trajanja, tipa in intenzivnosti kemične izpostavitve. Večina se pojavi v nekaj minutah. Najpogostejši so:
glavobol
vrtoglavica
težave z dihanjem
motnje razpoloženja
hiperaktivnost
potenje
palpitacije
bolečine v mišicah, sklepih
spremembe na koži
zmanjšana mentalna sposobnost
zmedenost
dezorientiranost
motnje koordinacije
izčrpanost
izguba zavesti
Okrevanje lahko traja nekaj ur, dni ali celo tednov. V tem času imajo prizadeti lahko gripi podobne simptome, otekle žleze, razjede, izpuščaje, so zelo utrujeni in imajo težave s koncentracijo. Visoka obremenitev v enem dnevu še zmanjša toleranco v obdobju okrevanja.
Tisti, ki so neprekinjeno izpostavljeni nižjim koncentracijam toksinov, običajno ne opazijo povečane občutljivosti in specifičnih reakcij. Ko se njihovo zdravje slabša, lahko trpijo za vrsto na videz nepovezanih simptomov:
draženje sluznic v očeh, nosu in žrelu
težave z dihanjem
bolečine v prsih
kašelj
utrujenost, šibkost
težave s prebavili, sluznice so lahko poškodovane, celo krvaveče
bolečine v mišicah in sklepih
izpuščaji na koži, srbečica
glavoboli
razdražljivost
depresija
težave s koncentracijo, spominom
slabše ravnotežje
Mnogi so občutljivi na kemikalije, a še lahko normalno funkcionirajo. Občasno imajo blažje simptome, motijo jih izpušni plini, dim, čistila, dišave, vendar še vedno lahko učinkovito delajo.
V težjih primerih je učinkovito delo že onemogočeno celo s pomočjo mask in filtrov. Javni prostori kot so trgovine, pošte, knjižnice, cerkve ... so nedostopni. V varnem domačem prostoru tako prizadeti še lahko skrbijo zase. Imajo težave z domačimi oz. obiskovalci, ki vnašajo ostanke toksinov na oblačilih, laseh, raznih predmetih. Ne prenašajo več mnogih zdravil. Težko si zagotovijo varen prostor, ker imajo težave z vsemi novimi stvarmi. Oblečeni so lahko le v oblačila iz naravnih vlaken, ki jih perejo z blagimi sredstvi.
Pri hudi prizadetosti je možno le življenje s pomočjo v kontroliranem okolju. Reakcije se razširijo na vse kemikalije, hrano, cvetni prah, plesni. Psihični in fizični simptomi so tako izraziti, da onemogočajo skrb zase. Težko najdejo dovolj varno okolje za življenje.
Obstaja nekaj zapisov osebnih izkušenj spopadanja z MCS, ki dajejo vpogled v životarjenje zelo prizadetih. Med njimi je Vera Strahan:https://www.facebook.com/groups/140020552680913/permalink/530200263662938/
Članek iz avstralskega Daily Telegrapha: Woman who is ‘allergic’ to the 21st century has no physical contact with the outside worldhttp://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/woman-who-is-allergic-to-the-21st-century-has-no-physical-contact-with-the-outside-world/story-fni0cx2y-1227092832555?nk=d70c1dcd5ac9a95bcda6681666fdea38
Ko se pridruži še občutljivost na elektromagnetna polja: The man allergic to the modern world: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity means Peter, 42, can't use ANY electric gadgets - and can't go outside his house in case he walks near a wifi networkhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2796108/electromagnetic-hypersensitivity-means-peter-lloyd-42-t-use-electric-gadgets-t-outside-house-case-walks-near-wifi-network.html
Primer hitro napredovale bolezni: The last few months of the life of Angelika S. who was chemically sensitivehttp://www.csn-deutschland.de/blog/en/the-last-few-months-of-the-life-of-angelika-s-who-was-chemically-sensitive/
Vzrok za MCS v hudi kandidiazi: My Candida Hell: Chronic Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Poisoninghttp://www.ei-resource.org/articles/candida-and-gut-dysbiosis-articles/my-candida-hell-chronic-ethanol-and-acetaldehyde-poisoning/Tudi s sliko se da veliko povedati. Thilde Jensen je s fotografijo izrazila nekaj utrinkov iz vsakdanjega življenja ljudi z MCS:http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2013/03/01/thilde_jensen_canaries_documents_the_isolating_and_frightening_lives_of.html
Tistim, ki raje poslušajo, kot berejo, priporočam intervju z vodjo belgijske MCS skupine:
http://www.mixcloud.com/cmr/the-irate-womens-show-with-sarah-goodley-18082013/
Dodatne težave prizadetim povzroča pogosto nepoznavanje problematike in nestrpne reakcije okolice. Velikokrat njihove probleme poskušajo minimirati ali jih pripisujejo psihičnim vzrokom. Saito in sodelavci so dokazali, da MCS pacienti nimajo somatskih ali psiholoških simptomov v kemično varnem okolju, simptome je možno sprožiti samo z izpostavitvijo kemikalijam:
Saito, M. et al.: Symptom Profile of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity in Actual Life, Psychosomatic Medicine 67:318–325 (2005)
Mnogi lahko normalno delajo, če imajo okoli sebe razumevajoče sodelavce in
sorodnike. Na žalost je malo takih, ki so pripravljeni upoštevati prošnje po
izogibanju odišavljenim proizvodom. Večina ljudi zelo težko sprejme, da njihova
dišava nekomu povzroča bolečine in mu onemogoči normalno funkcioniranje, še
posebej, ker jih velikokrat sami niti ne zaznavajo. Celo bolj čuteči
posamezniki, ki so pripravljeni pomagati, težko dojamejo širino problema.
Skeptični ostajajo ob razlagah, da se lahko dišavo čuti na 100 m. Da ne gre
samo za to, da je dišava neprijeten dražljaj, ampak za sistemsko reakcijo na
strup. Ki škodi tudi njim, čeprav vpliva ne čutijo tako zelo neposredno.
Ljudje z MCS pišejo o zelo žalostnih izkušnjah. Nekdo je npr. namenoma pobrizgal sorodnico z dišavo, zaradi katere je trpela že ob posrednem stiku. Sodelavci so vztrajali pri uporabi dišav kljub temu, da je kolegica na delovnem mestu vsakodnevno izgubljala zavest. Ljudje se prevečkrat obnašajo zelo arogantno ne da bi pomislili, da se MCS lahko zgodi tudi njim. Seveda dodatni stres zaradi podobnih situacij stanje še poslabša. V skrajni fazi je življenje prizadetih tako težko, da se jih veliko odloči za evtanazijo.
Razni miti, s katerimi se soočajo prizadeti, so odlično opisani na strani: http://the-labyrinth.com/2015/05/14/myths-and-facts-about-chemical-sensitivity/
Vse, kar vsebuje sintetične dišave:
toaletne vode, parfumske vode, parfumi
kolonjske vode, vodice za po britju
deodoranti
šamponi
laki za lase
kreme
mila
kozmetika
osvežilci zraka
svečke
plenice
toaletni robčki
WC papir
vrečke za smeti
olja
industrijske kemikalije in kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo v gospodinjstvu
detergenti
čistila
Če je na izdelku oznaka bio, eko ali kaj podobnega, to ne pomeni, da gre za povsem naraven izdelek. Večina sestavin je še vedno sintetičnega izvora, predpisom zadostijo že izdelki, ki imajo le 10% naravnih sestavin.
Zaradi poslovne skrivnosti je dovoljeno prikriti določene sestavine. V bazi EWG je nekaj podatkov o prikritih strupenih snoveh, ki so jih našli z analizo v neodvisnem laboratoriju. Primer iz EWG Skin Deep baze z rezultati analiz kozmetičnih izdelkov:
http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/product/285653/L%27Eau_par_Kenzo_pour_Homme_Eau_de_Toilette_Spray/
V nekaterih izdelkih, ki imajo oznako, da so brez vonja, so dišave vseeno prisotne. Z dodanimi kemikalijami so le prikrili vonj.
Druge škodljive snovi:
cigaretni dim
dim, ki nastaja pri izgorevanju trdih in tekočih goriv
smog
izpušni plini
razna organska topila
laki
formaldehid (emisije pohištva, oblačil)
insekticidi
pesticidi
zdravila (antibiotiki, antimikotiki, paracetamol, antidepresivi, beta blokatorji, statini, diuretiki, hipnotiki …)
plesen
Poseben problem predstavlja kirurško zdravljenje in anestezija, Melissa Kaplan je zbrala nekaj pomembnih podatkov:
Surgery, Anesthesia and CFS/FM/MCS http://www.anapsid.org/cnd/drugs/anesthesia.html
Tudi pri zobozdravstvenih postopkih potrebujejo pacienti z MCS posebno obravnavo:
Diagnostični kriteriji in testi
MCS ima različne vzroke in posledice, zato je diagnosticiranje težavno. Leta 1999 je 34 medicinskih strokovnjakov iz ZDA in Kanade sestavilo dogovorjene kriterije za definicijo sindroma:
· simptomi so ponovljivi s ponovitvijo (kemične) izpostavljenosti
· stanje je kronično
· težave povzročijo nizke koncentracije - nižje kot so že bile oz. so splošno tolerirane
· simptomi se izboljšajo ali odpravijo, ko so povzročitelji odstranjeni
· gre za odziv na več kemično nesorodnih snovi
· simptomi vključujejo več organskih sistemov
Objavljeno v:
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A 1999 Consensus, Archives of Environmental Health vol. 54, Nr. 3, 1999
http://www.mcsrr.org/1999Defn.pdf
Ponekod imajo zdravnike specializirane za okoljsko medicino, ki so še najbolje usposobljeni za diagnosticiranje in pomoč v primerih MCS. Pri pacientih z motnjami v razstrupljanju je treba preveriti okoljsko in medicinsko zgodovino, pomagati si je treba s fizičnimi znaki in laboratorijskimi preiskavami. Preveriti je treba ledvično in jetrno funkcijo ter izključiti morebitne druge bolezni.
Več analiz
je navedenih v knjigi:
Nicolle, Lorraine; Beirn, Ann Woodriff: Biochemical Imbalances in
Disease: A Practitioner's Handbook; Singing Dragon, 2010; v e-obliki na
voljo tudi v bazi EBSCO, dostop omogočajo naše splošne knjižnice
Testiranje detoksifikacijske kapacitete (str. 72)
|
Nutrienti |
Funkcijski testi |
Genetski testi: polimorfizmi v genetskem zapisu za |
|
cistein v plazmi |
B vitamini |
aktivnost citokroma P450 |
|
sulfat v plazmi |
metilmalonska kislina v urinu |
metilacija |
|
glutation v plazmi |
piroglutamska kislina v urinu |
acetilacija |
|
glutation v eritrocitih |
amino kisline v 24-urnem urinu |
konjugacija glutationa |
|
metionin v plazmi |
urinski test obremenitve s kofeinom |
aktivnost superoksid dismutaze |
|
taurin v plazmi |
urinski test obremenitve s salicilatom |
|
|
minerali v plazmi in eritrocitih |
urinski test obremenitve s paracetamolom |
|
|
antioksidanti v plazmi |
Testiranje toksične obremenitve (str. 73)
organske kisline v urinu: D-glukarska kislina, merkapturna kislina, orotat, benzoat
amino kisline v 24-urnem urinu: metabolizem amoniaka
toksične kovine v blatu, urinu (osnovni in obremenitveni test), laseh, znoju
ostanki DNK v krvi, ki so bili vezani na ksenobiotike v celicah
biopsija maščobe
kovine, pesticidi, topila, aktivnost holinesteraze v krvi
Obremenitveni testi kažejo na probleme v različnih fazah razstrupljanja, kofein v stopnji I, paracetamol kaže na aktivnost glutationa, konjugacijo glukuronida in sulfata, salicilat pa na konjugacijo glicina in glukuronida. Nizko razmerje med stopnjo I in II oz. počasna stopnja I oksidacije s sistemi citokroma P450 povzroča večjo akumulacijo ksenobiotikov v tkivu, ker so toksični ali farmakološki učinki podaljšani. Višje razmerje med stopnjo I in II oz. počasne reakcije stopnje II pomenijo večje kroženje toksičnih metabolitov, ki povzročajo oksidativno škodo in povečujejo tveganje za raka. V naslednjih tabelah je nekaj primerov zdravil in drugih vplivov, ki poslabšajo stopnjo I razstrupljanja.
Več o fazah razstrupljanja in snoveh, ki vplivajo nanje:
Lynch T1, Price A.: The effect of cytochrome P450 metabolism on drug response, interactions, and adverse effects. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 1;76(3):391-6.
Drug Metabolism by Jennifer Le: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/pharmacokinetics/drug-metabolism
http://www.lifeextension.com/Protocols/Metabolic-Health/Metabolic-Detoxification/Page-01
http://www.balancedconcepts.net/liver_phases_detox_paths.pdf
Inhibitorji encimov citokroma P450 (str. 74)
|
Zdravila |
Dieta |
Kemikalije iz okolja |
|
azolni antimikotiki |
grenivkin sok |
dušikov dioksid |
|
metronidazol |
pomanjkanje železa |
toksične kovine |
|
makrolidni antibiotiki (eritromicin) |
||
|
kinolonski antibiotki (ciprofloksacin) |
||
|
antidepresivi s selektivno inhibicijo ponovnega privzema serotonina |
Substrati encimov citokroma P450 (str. 74)
|
Zdravila/kemikalije |
Dieta |
Endogeni |
|
oralna kontracepcija |
kofein |
estrogen |
|
paracetamol |
etanol |
testosteron
|
|
varfarin |
poliaromatski ogljikovodiki (pečeno meso, cigaretni dim, izpušni plini) |
|
|
zolmitriptan |
||
|
nesteroidni antirevmatiki |
||
|
beta blokatorji |
||
|
poliaromatski ogljikovodiki |
Genetski testi
|
Citokrom P450 |
Metilacija |
Acetilacija |
Konjugacija glutationa |
Oksidativna zaščita |
|
CYP 1A1 CYP 1A2 CYP 1B1 CYP 2A6 CYP 2CP CYP 2C19 CYP 2D6 CYP 2E1 CYP 34A PON 1 |
katehol-O-metil transferaza COMT |
N-acetil-transferaza NAT1 |
glutation-S-transferaza GST M1, GST P1 |
super oksid dismutaza SOD1, SOD2 |
http://medicine.iupui.edu/clinpharm/ddis/clinical-table/
V prvi vrsti prizadetim priporočajo čim večje zmanjšanje toksične obremenitve. Kar je v sodobnem svetu zelo težko doseči. Zelo pomembno je imeti varen prostor, ki je na voljo vsaj za spanje (http://www.chelationmedicalcenter.com/oasis_chemical_sensitivity.html).
Dr. Grace Ziem: Environmental Control Plan for Chemically Injured Persons and Preventing Chemical Injury
http://www.chemicalinjury.net/EC/2%20Environmental%20Control%20Plan.doc
Prizadeti si pomagajo tudi z različnimi maskami in filtri za zrak.
S prehranskimi dodatki se da vplivati na procese razstrupljanja in popraviti določene pomanjkljivosti. Najbolj znan je Pallov protokol. Prof. biokemije in medicinskih znanosti Martin Pall na svoji strani piše o zločestem ciklu dušikovega oksida in peroksinitrita, s katerim pojasnjuje tudi slabšanje stanja in večanje občutljivosti: http://www.thetenthparadigm.org/mcs09.htm. Terapijo je treba prilagajati posameznikovim potrebam, seznam dodatkov, ki jih prof. Pall priporoča, je na strani: http://www.thetenthparadigm.org/therapy.htm.
Z okoljsko problematiko se ukvarja tudi dr. Grace Ziem, ki razlaga še o drugih možnostih za razstrupljanje in zmanjšanje obremenitve:
http://www.mcsrr.org/resources/articles/S3.html.
Omeniti velja tudi angleško zdravnico, ki je uspešna pri zdravljenju SKU in se je izobraževala na področju okoljske medicine, dr. Sarah Myhill na svoji strani piše tudi o MCS: http://www.doctormyhill.co.uk/
Varen dom
Prihaja do nove oblike brezdomstva. Ljudje imajo lastna stanovanja ali hiše, a v njih ne morejo živeti. Nekateri se zatečejo v avto (primerno star seveda) in se selijo za boljšim zrakom. Nekateri živijo v improviziranih bivališčih (šotorih, kolibah), postavljenih v manj onesnaženem okolju. Pojavljajo se organizacije, ki pomagajo iskati primerna bivališča za občutljive, kot je npr. ameriška Re/shelter http://www.reshelter.org/. Gradijo pa se tudi posebna bivališča za kemično občutljive. V Skandinaviji imajo npr. ločene vasi, v Švici so zgradili poseben blok (http://medicalobserverph.com/swiss-building-provides-refuge-for-the-hypersensitive/). Tudi v ZDA obstajajo podobni projekti: Ecology house http://www.tikvah.com/cc/eh/
Verein MCS-Haus für schadstofffreies Wohnen in My chemical free house blog objavljata nekaj podatkov o primernejših materialih in načinih gradnje:
http://mcs-haus.com/bau_vergleichstabelle_1.html
http://mychemicalfreehouse.blogspot.ca/2013/01/zero-voc-flooring-options.html
The EI Wellspring:
Environmentally healthy housing
http://www.eiwellspring.org/saferhousing.html
MCS so kot uradno diagnozo priznale le nekatere države: ZDA (različno posamezne države), Nemčija (1998), Avstrija (2001), Italija (2001, različno posamezne pokrajine), Kanada (2007), Luksemburg (2007), Japonska (2009), Švica (2010), Danska (2012), Finska (2014), Avstralija, Španija (2014). Mednarodna klasifikacija bolezni (International Classification of Diseases), ki jo izdaja World Health Organisation (WHO), v verziji ICD-10 nima posebej navedene MCS, zato večinoma uporabljajo kar T78.4 - Allergy, unspecified (neopredeljene alergije):
https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
Nekateri pomembnejši dokumenti:
Written declaration, under Rule 136 of Parliament’s Rules of Procedure, on multiple chemical sensitivity
The Commission and the Council are called upon to:
a. invite Member States to present a joint proposal in the World Health Organisation with a view to including MCS in the International Classification of Diseases, on the occasion of the revision process of the ICD scheduled for 2017;
b. promote research, awareness-raising and exchange of information on MCS at EU level.
Avstralija
Australian National Register of Environmental Sensitivities
Dr Sharyn Martin: A snapshot of living with Environmental Sensitivities in 2019 : 2019 ANRES Data Update
https://anres.org/2019-anres-data-update/
Access to Buildings and Services: Guidelines and Information
24 May, 2019 By Michellina van Loder
MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY : A NOVEL DISEASE MECHANISM, Peter Evans, July 2011, Public Submission To The National Casemix And Classification Centre For Inclusion Of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Under A Novel Classification Of Diseases, Title Chapter: Environmental Diseases In The International Classification Of Diseases Version 10 Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM)
http://sacfs.asn.au/download/NCCC%20MCS%20ICD10AM%20Submission.pdf
A scientific review of MCS: Identifying key research needs
http://sacfs.asn.au/download/MCS_Final_Report_Nov_2010_PDF.pdf
Social Development Committee (2005) Inquiry into Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Parliament of South Australia.
Avstrija
Pismo Bundesministerium für Gesundheit:
http://www.csn-deutschland.de/icd-10_austria.pdf
Danska
Uporabljajo kodo DR688A1 Symptomer relateret til dufte og kemiske stoffer: http://www.medinfo.dk/sks/brows.php
Elberling J. et al.: [A new classification code is available in the Danish health-care classification system for patients with symptoms related to chemicals and scents]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2014 May 26;176(11)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25096843
Measures Taken by European Countries for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Danski parlament, 2010
Silberschmidt M (2005): Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, MCS. Environmental Protection Agency, Danish Ministry of the Environment.
http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publications/2005/87-7614-548-4/pdf/87-7614-549-2.pdf
Italija
Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilità Chimica Multipla (MCS Italian Consensus)
http://www.infoamica.it/consenso-italiano-sulla-sensibilita-chimica-multipla-mcs/?fbclid=IwAR2V7FG6o-0-VniuaqPky_q6k7BXwwXwG7-IZldBFoZiM4qlqDWyH0qXfL4
Linee-guida per la tutela e la promozione della salute negli ambienti confinati
http://www.areeurbane.isprambiente.it/it/pubblicazioni/pubblicazioni-correlate/indoor/linee-guida-per-la-tutela-e-la-promozione-della-salute-negli-ambienti-confinati/view
Riconoscimenti della MCS in Italia e in Europa
https://www.infoamica.it/italia-europa
Japonska
Uporabljajo ICD10 T65.9 Toxic effect of other and unspecified substances/Toxic effect of unspecified substance:
http://www.dis.h.u-tokyo.ac.jp/scripts/search/ICD10_searchw.asp?searchstring=T65.9
Kanada
Canadian Human Rights Commission Policy on Environmental Sensitivities, 2007, reviewed 2014
http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/sites/default/files/policy_sensitivity_0.pdf
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/scent_free.html
Luksemburg
Pismo Ministère de la Santé:
http://www.csn-deutschland.de/ministere_de_la_sante.pdf
Nemčija
Pismo DIMDI s klasifikacijami:
http://www.csn-deutschland.de/DIMDI_MCS_2008_de-en.pdf
Navodilo zdravnikom:
http://www.csn-deutschland.de/aerzteinfo.pdf
|
Klasifikacija bolezni: T78.4 |
MCS [Multiple-Chemical-Sensitivity]-Syndrom |
DGMCS - MCS-Fallkriterien - Diagnose - ICD 10 2011 GM alpha - Feststellung einer Behinderung i.S. des SGB IX ab 1.3.2010
http://www.dgmcs.de/index.php?main=fallkriterien/fallkriterien&activ=fallkriterien
Španija
https://eciemaps.mscbs.gob.es/ecieMaps/browser/index_10_mc.html: Sensible, sensibilidad - véase además
https://www.fundacion-alborada.org/enfermedades-ambientales/sensibilidad-quimica-sq/
»En España actualmente la Sensibilidad Química está clasificada en el CIE-9 con la denominación 995.3 “Alergia no específica”.«
Documento de Consenso, Sensibilidad Química, 2011:
María José Moya Villén: Sensibilidad química múltiple: datos sobre su clasificación en diferentes sistemas sanitarios y documentación útil sobre la enfermedad
https://www.sensibilidadquimicamultiple.org/2014/09/informe-sobre-sqm-por-pnl-en-el-congreso.html
Predlog zakona:
http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas
(v iskalnik vpisati sensibilidad química v polje Texto libre)
Poročilo v angleščini:
http://www.sensibilidadquimicamultiple.org/2014/09/spain-recognises-mcs-bubble-people-2014.html
RESCUE PLAN FOR PEOPLE WITH CENTRAL SENSITIVITY SYNDROMES: THE CITY OF TARRAGONA (CATALONIA, SPAIN) IS THE FIRST MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT THAT IMPLEMENTS IT!
http://recognitioninclusionandequity.org/historic-breakthrough-in-tarragona-spain/
ZDA
US Department of Housing and Urban Development - MCS Disorder and Environmental Illness as Handicaps (1992)
http://fairhousing.com/include/media/pdf/mcsd.pdf
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Policy and Resources (US Government policy memorandum, November 2004)
http://www.naturalworldhealing.com/mcs-usgovt-policy.htm
Job Accommodation Network - US Department of Labor’s Office of Disability Employment Policy
http://askjan.org/media/downloads/MCSEIA&CSeries.pdf
American Academy of Environmental Medicine
http://www.aaemonline.org/chemicalsensitivitypost.html
Sprejete prepovedi uporabe dišav (fragrance-free policy, scent-free policy)
Doseči priznanje, da dišave vsebujejo zdravju škodljive snovi, je težje, kot je bilo v primeru cigaretnega dima. Veliko denarja je v igri, veliko ljudi se boji izgube dobičkonosnega posla. Pa vendar se stvari počasi spreminjajo. Ponekod so že uvedene dobre prakse za ohranjanje zdravja zaposlenih, strank, otrok …
Avstralija
Guideline Policy Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Guidelines for South Australian Hospitals
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) - Guidelines for South Australian hospitals:
http://sacfs.asn.au/download/MCSHospitalGuidelines-peh-sahealth-1005.pdf
Canberra Hospital and Health Services Standard Operating Procedure, Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS) - Care of patients:
http://www.health.act.gov.au/c/health?a=dlpubpoldoc&document=2787
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, A guide for Victorian hospitals:
Disability Access Checklist Guide for Government Owned & Leased premises:
Anne Steinemann: Health and societal effects from exposure to fragranced consumer products
"Fragrance-free indoor environments received widespread support. Of the general population, 42.8% would be supportive of a fragrance- free policy in the workplace (compared with 22.2% that would not), 43.2% would prefer that health care facilities and health care professionals be fragrance-free (compared with 25.2% that would not). Also, 57.7% would prefer flying on an airplane without scented air pumped through the passenger cabin (compared with 16.3% with scented air), and 55.6% would prefer staying in a hotel without fragranced air (com- pared with 22.7% with fragranced air)."
Kanada
Vancouver International Airport recently joined the effort by establishing a safe-zone for passengers
http://apex.aero/2016/01/22/passenger-allergies-to-frangance
The University of Windsor - Leddy Library:
http://leddy.uwindsor.ca/scent-free-guidelines
PSAC Awareness Kit on Scent-Free Environments (Public Service Alliance of Canada (PSAC) is one of Canada's largest national labour unions)
http://psacbc.com/sites/bc/files/1018_scent_free_e.pdf
Environmental Sensitivities-Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Status Report: Advances in Knowledge, and Current Service Gaps
Environmental Health Clinic, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto
Lynn Marshall et. al., 2010
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRPD/GC/EnvironmentalHealthClinicWomensCollegeArt.9EN.pdf
Nemčija
Obvestilo bolnišnice o posebnem prostoru: ,,Umweltzimmer'' für MCS - und Umweltpatienten/Multiallergiker
http://csn-deutschland.de/Umweltzimmer_im_Krankenhaus.pdf
Hamburg hospital offers rooms for patients with MCS and environmental illness:
Švedska
Duftstoffe verboten in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen in Schweden
ZDA
Center for Disease Control
http://www.drsteinemann.com/Resources/CDC%20Indoor%20Environmental%20Quality%20Policy.pdf
"It is important that personnel be aware that the use of some personal care products may have detrimental effects on the health of chemically sensitive co-workers.
Personal care products (colognes, perfumes, essential oils and scented skin and hair products) should not be brought into, used, or otherwise applied at or near actual workstations, in restrooms, or anywhere in CDC facilities."
Americans with Disabilities Act
»Likewise, if even a small portion of your attendees have Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS) or environmental illness, consider clauses mandating the hotel avoid renovations prior to and during your event, use unscented cleaners, and avoid the use of pesticides. The hotel should be asked to comply with the fragrance-free meeting policy for the meeting space, common areas, restrooms, paths of travel, and guest rooms. »
Springfield (MA) City Library:
http://www.masslibsystem.org/policies/fragrance.html
Creston Valley (BC) Public Library:
http://crestonlibrary.com/about-us/library-policies/
Bastyr University (WA):
http://bastyr.libguides.com/c.php?g=77692&p=502048
Champlain College Library Circulation Department (New Hampshire):
http://2717.wikidot.com/scent-free-work-place
Maryland Nurses Association priporočila:
http://www.massnurses.org/health-and-safety/articles/chemical-exposures/p/openItem/1347
Mednarodni
Environmental Illness Network Minnesota sestavlja skupen seznam, 75 primerov:
http://mn.environmentalillnessnetwork.org/page/scent-free-policies
Johnson vs. City of Edmonds
City settles lawsuit with former police clerk who requested a fragrance-free workplace, Posted: January 28, 2020
»The City of Edmonds has settled a lawsuit with a former police clerk who said her migraine headaches were due to fragrances she was exposed to on the job.
Anne Johnson and her attorney Judith Longquist received a $510,000 settlement in a Jan. 23 Snohomish County Superior Court judgment. Longquist said the judgment followed a four-year case “arising out of the city’s refusal to accommodate Ms. Johnson’s disability."«
Core vs. Champaign Cty. Board of County Commissioners, (S.D. Ohio No. 3:11-CV-00166)
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/ohio/ohsdce/3:2011cv00166/146509/45/
Employer Refusal to Provide a “Fragrance-Free” Workplace May Violate ADA, By Mike Underwood on August 6, 2012
Erin Weber vs. Infinity Broadcasting
Perfume Allergy Sparks $10 Million Verdict
»A top-ranked Detroit radio personality recently won a $10.5 million verdict after she argued that her employer failed to accommodate her perfume sensitivity and retaliated against her for filing a complaint charging that she wasn't being paid the same as men at the station.
Erin Weber, who helped boost her country radio station's ratings as a disc jockey, claimed her career collapsed after she developed a potentially life-threatening chemical sensitivity. She said the company helped create the medical disability when it forced her to broadcast for five hours from a booth filled with toxic fumes from spilled nail polish remover. The station then failed to accommodate the disability and actually exacerbated it by failing to control co-workers' use of perfumes, she contended.«
McBride v. the City of Detroit
http://www.onpointnews.com/docs/mcbride_settlement.pdf
https://casetext.com/case/mcbride-v-city-of-detroit-2
»In McBride v. City of Detroit, senior city planner Susan McBride was awarded $100,000. In addition, the City of Detroit (the employer) agreed to revise its ADA handbook and training, and to post notices about the fragrance-free policy.«
https://www.laborlawcenter.com/education-center/fragrance-sensitivity-a-disability-under-ada/
»After the lawsuit with Susan McBride, the City of Detroit added the following section to its ADA Handbook:
“Our goal is to be sensitive to employees with perfume and chemical sensitivities. Employees who are sensitive to perfumes and chemicals may suffer potentially serious health consequences. In order to accommodate employees who are medically sensitive to the chemicals in scented products, the City of Detroit requests that you refrain from wearing scented products, including but not limited to colognes, after-shave lotions, perfumes, deodorants, body/face lotions, hair sprays or similar products. The city of Detroit also asks you to refrain the use of scented candles, perfume samples from magazines, spray or solid air fresheners, room deodorizers, plug-in wall air fresheners, cleaning compounds or similar products. Our employees with medical chemical sensitivities thank you for your cooperation." »
https://www.laborlawcenter.com/education-center/news/new-ada-guidelines-for-fragrance-sensitivity/
Barrie vs. Caltrans
https://verdictsearch.com/verdict/suit-plaintiff-discriminated-for-allergies-to-scented-products
»State worker’s bosses ignored his allergies. Now he’s $3 million richer
A Nevada County jury sided with John Barrie in a one-month trial that ended last week, upholding his claims that he experienced retaliation, that his employer failed to accommodate his disability and that he was subjected to a hostile work environment. He continues to work for Caltrans in a position that allows him to work from home.
His complaint stemmed from a series of events between 2010 and 2012 when supervisors repeatedly ignored directives to keep perfumes and chemicals like Windex and Comet away from Barrie, according to the lawsuit he filed in September 2013. As he filed internal complaints to Caltrans managers, his direct supervisors tried to punish him by moving him to different parts of his building for unclear reasons and attempting to make his workplace unappealing to him, the lawsuit says.«
http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/article150902647.html
»Caltrans must abide by a jury’s decision to award $3 million to an employee
who claimed his supervisors harassed him by ignoring his allergies to perfume
and several cleaning products, an appeals court ruled Thursday.
The ruling appears to leave Caltrans little room to keep fighting the award, which a Nevada County jury set in May 2017 after a one-month trial.«
https://krcgtv.com/news/local/missouri-pays-thousands-to-former-social-worker-allergic-to-perfume
"Missouri taxpayers have paid out at least $76,000 to a former social worker who said her supervisors ignored her allergic reactions to perfume, air fresheners and cleaning products.
...
"By 2009, she regularly experienced burning in her eyes, nose, lips, throat and mouth, coughing, hoarseness, nausea and, eventually, a feeling that her tongue was swelling and her throat ‘closing,’ making her unable to breathe,” her attorney wrote.
Although department officials were aware of her problem, they did not take steps to help limit her exposure to the products, her 2017 lawsuit against the state notes.
...
"Eventually, after an episode in May 2009, she was unable to return to work and the state terminated her employment.
In fighting the case, attorneys for the state argued that Hill did not ask for a 100% fragrance-free workplace between 2006 and the time she left the $28,000-per-year job."
Zipkin vs. U.S.
tax deduction - construction costs due to MCS, 1995, US District Court
https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59147db1add7b04934443da1
Dr. Ziem's "Environmental Control Plan for Chemically Injured Patients, p.
20
http://www.chemicalinjury.net/environmentalcontrols.htm
»There is legal precedent that a patient with work-related injury and chemical hypersensitivity from toxic exposure could be reimbursed through worker’s compensation for treatments. This includes nutritional evaluation and treatment of nutritional deficiencies, sauna and other measures to assist the body’s detoxification process, and environmental control measures to reduce exposure (Hanlon Vs Arizona Chemical Corp. etal, State of Florida, claim #261-62-3325, decision 12-2-86). Another legal precedent confirms that a patient with chemical injury should be entitled to ongoing medical coverage, in this case for detoxification procedures, nutritional evaluation and care, and environmental controls, even if needed in an out-of-state facility, (Perry vs. NV Inc. etal, State of Hawaii case #49200727, decision date 2-14-92).«
Arizona Chemical Corp. v. Hanlon, 605 So. 2d 938 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)
District Court of Appeal of Florida
Filed: September 25th, 1992
Precedential Status: Precedential
Citations: 605 So. 2d 938
Docket Number: 92-42
Judges: Per Curiam
https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1747585/arizona-chemical-corp-v-hanlon/?
French Court Recognized Electromagnetic-Sensitivity as an Occupational Disease
"On January 17th, 2019, the French Court of Cergy-Pontoise ruled for the first time that Electromagnetic Hyper Sensitivity (EHS) is an occupational disease that can be developed also from exposure to levels of radiation which are considered to be safe by the government (if they can be injurious as the court ruled then they are clearly unsafe)."https://wearetheevidence.org/french-court-recognized-electromagnetic-sensitivity-as-an-occupational-disease/?fbclid=IwAR1RXdSGYL0b0W8iy_Bgt5EbXEeCnu44BEr3L50ZDIjE1Cr_y57qSi2xlgw
MCS skupine in forumi na spletu
Avstralija
Allergy, Sensitivity & Environmental Health Association Qld Inc (ASEHA Qld Inc): http://www.asehaqld.org.au/
Avstrija
MIA - MCS Initiative Austria: http://www.mcs-info.at/
Belgija
MCS Belgium: https://www.facebook.com/groups/140020552680913/
Francija
MELODIE: http://www.forum-melodie.fr/phpBB3/
Italija
EMPA Forum: http://empa.forumcommunity.net/?f=5372560
MCS Riconoscere la malattia anche in Italia: https://www.facebook.com/groups/MCS.Riconoscimento/
Nemčija
DGMCS e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft Multiple-Chemical-Sensitivity: http://www.dgmcs.de/
CSN – Forum (Chemical Sensitivity Network): http://forum.csn-deutschland.de/
SiVe - ULGS: (Schadstoff induziert Vergiftungserkrankte - UMWELT LEBEN GESUNDHEITBSCHUTZ: https://www.facebook.com/groups/sive.ulgs/
Slovenija
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, MCS, Slovenija: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1871970573125638/
Predlog vladi: https://predlagam.vladi.si/predlog/10166
Španija
Servicio de
información sobre sensibilidad química múltiple y salud ambiental: http://www.sensibilidadquimicamultiple.org/
Švica
MCS-Liga Schweiz: http://www.mcs-liga.ch/
MCS-SOS: https://mcs-sos.ch/kontakt/
Velika Britanija
MCS-Aware: http://www.mcs-aware.org/
ZDA
MCS America: http://www.mcs-america.org/
Mednarodni
MCS International: http://www.mcs-international.org/
Persons with MCS Map Project: https://www.facebook.com/groups/MCSMap/
Zanimive strani posameznikov
http://www.angelfire.com/planet/mcshelpsite/#stuff%20MCS
https://lindasepp.wordpress.com/
Primeri izdelkov, ki jih lahko uporabljajo tudi bolj občutljivi
Zelo težko je najti kaj primernega, še posebej ker se tudi neodišavljeni proizvodi skladiščijo in prodajajo v istih prostorih kot odišavljeni. Tako pride celo do kontaminacije izdelkov, ki bi sicer lahko bili ustrezni. Še večji problem so zaradi tega prehranski artikli, t.i. trgovine z zdravo prehrano poleg bio hrane prodajajo še detergente, dišeče svečke … Zelo občutljivi izdelkov široke potrošnje ne morejo več uporabljati. Pomagajo si z domačo izdelavo, zelo veliko uporabljajo sodo bikarbono, kis, eno milo kot univerzalno sredstvo za umivanje, pranje, čiščenje.
Domači deodorant
Zmešamo:
10 g koruznega škroba
50 g sode bikarbone
17 g staljenega kokosovega olja
5 kapljic eteričnega olja čajevca
Obstaja več variant recepta, običajno uporabijo po 30 mL škroba in sode, uporabijo tudi kakšno drugo eterično olje. V vseh eteričnih oljih so tudi škodljive spojine. V primerih močnejšega potenja se delež sode bikarbone lahko poveča. Na rdečih oblačilih lahko pušča temne madeže, ki pa se lepo sperejo.
Nekateri namesto deodoranta uporabijo tudi samo sodo bikarbono, najlažje se jo nanese na še malce vlažno kožo po umivanju.
Malo dražja varianta, ki pa ne pušča madežev:
3 čajne žličke karitejevega masla
2 čajni žlički sode bikarbone
1 čajna žlička cinkovega oksida
Detergenti za perilo
Detergenti na osnovi pralnih oreščkov
Faks Eco
Denk mit Vollwaschmittel Ultra Sensitive
Sonett Neutral tekoči detergent
Sonett Neutral za pranje volne
Po potrebi lahko dodamo žlico sode. Sode se pri občutljivem perilu ne sme dodajati.
Pri večji občutljivosti je možna intoleranca tudi na nežnejše detergente. Nekateri perejo samo s sodo bikarbono.
Pri prehodu na neodišavljene detergente se je zelo težko znebiti dišav od prejšnjih pranj. Običajno je treba vsaj 5 pranj. Pomaga, če se perilo suši na vetru. Bolje gre pri višji temperaturi – na poletni vročini ali na radiatorju. Oblačila, ki se prepojijo z dišavami drugih (v prostorih z nadišavljenimi ljudmi), je najbolje pred pranjem nekaj dni zračiti. Sicer dišave zaperemo v globino tkanine in se jih je težje znebiti, prenesejo se tudi na drugo perilo.
Dišave se vežejo na maščobe, zato poročajo o uspehu pri namakanju perila v mleku. Žal se na ta način lahko marsikatera tkanina uniči.
Težave so tudi z novimi oblačili, nekateri jih morajo pred nošenjem oprati vsaj desetkrat. Namakanje v raztopini sode bikarbone pospeši izločanje barvil. Temnejša oblačila so običajno bolj toksična. Kis fiksira barvila.
Tkanine, ki jih ni treba likati, so obdelane s formaldehidom.
Mehčalec za perilo
1 dL nearomatiziranega kisa ga lahko nadomesti.
Detergent za ročno pomivanje posode
Sonett Neutral
Ecover zero
Lahko se uporabljata kot univerzalno čistilno sredstvo.
Milo
A-Derma dermatološki sindet
Urtekram
Šampon
Desert Essence
Urtekram
http://www.urtekram.com/products/body-care/hair/no-perfume-shampoo-normal-hair-organic-250-ml
Čiščenje zob
Lavera neutral gel
https://www.moja-lekarna.com/lavera-neutral-zobni-gel-75-ml
Nega kože
Odlično se obnese karitejevo maslo, lahko se uporabi tudi kokosovo olje.
Nega ustnic
Karitejevo maslo in kokosovo olje sta primerna tudi za nego ustnic.
Hyalogic Episilk Lip Balm
Zanimivosti
WHO končno priznava, da kemikalije, ki jih najdemo v vsakem domu, lahko povzročijo raka na prsih, astmo, neplodnost, razvojne nepravilnosti:
Poisoned by every day life: Landmark study warns gender bending chemicals in your home, food and car ARE linked to a huge range of diseases
Poziv znanstvenikov OZN in WHO za zaščito pred elektromagnetnimi polji:
Scientists call for Protection from Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field Exposure
http://www.emfscientist.org/index.php/emf-scientist-appeal
Knjiga Dark Side of Fragrances / Glen O. Brechbill, 1st ed., 2007
http://www.perfumerbook.com/Dark%20Side%20of%20Fragrance's.pdf
Toksične snovi v dišavah: Scent of Danger: Are There Toxic Ingredients in Perfumes and Colognes?
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toxic-perfumes-and-colognes/
Dišave povzročajo odvisnost: The Addictive Power of Toxic Perfumes and Colognes
http://healthimpactnews.com/2014/the-addictive-power-of-toxic-perfumes-and-colognes/
Opažajo spremembe v zmogljivostih otrok: http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2013/opinion-chemical-brain-drain
Britanski ginekologi so izdali odlične smernice za bodoče mamice:
https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/sip37/
Kdaj je dišave preveč – vsekakor takrat, ko se jo čuti dlje kot za dolžino roke: Are You Wearing Too Much Perfume? Eau no, you don’t! Pro advice on how to deal with some stinky scent situations, By Abbie Kozolchyk
http://www.realsimple.com/beauty-fashion/makeup/fragrance/too-much-perfume
Tudi z naravnimi spojinami si lahko pripravimo dišave: knjiga Slobodanke Poštić V čarobnem svetu vonjev : aromaterapevtski koledar : eterična olja iz meseca v mesec:
http://cobiss4.izum.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=99999&rid=267175424&fmt=11
O prenašanju občutljivosti na kemikalije skozi rodove: The Toxins That Affected Your Great-Grandparents Could Be In Your Genes. Biologist Michael Skinner has enraged the chemical community and shocked his peers with his breakthrough research by By Jeneen Interlandi for Smithsonian magazine, December 2013
Knjiga Psychisch gestört oder arbeitsbedingt krank? Mehrfache Chemikalien-unverträglichkeit (MCS), Lösemittel-Syndrom und Bk 1317 / Werner Maschewsky unter Mitarbeit von Nicola Opp, Hans Böckler Stiftung, 2000
http://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_edition_hbs_030.pdf
L'MCS descritto dal Prof.Genovesi Giuseppe, specialista in Endocrinologia, Immunologia e Psichiatria presso il Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia dell’Azienda Policlinico Umberto I Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
Scented laundry products emit hazardous chemicals through dryer vents
»Analysis of the captured gases found more than 25 volatile organic compounds, including seven hazardous air pollutants, coming out of the vents. Of those, two chemicals -- acetaldehyde and benzene -- are classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as carcinogens, for which the agency has established no safe exposure level.
Steinemann recommends using laundry products without any fragrance or scent.«
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110824091537.htm#.WQnk8iOg5NM
Household chemicals may impair thyroid in young girls
»Exposure to
phthalates is linked to depressed function in the 'master controller' of brain
development, potentially explaining known phthalate-related cognitive problems«
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/cums-hcm053017.php#.WS3E_SiotLc.facebook
Effectiveness of Commercial and Homemade Washing Agents in Removing Pesticide Residues on and in Apples
»They monitored the pesticide levels on the surface and inside of the fruit after washing with each method. The baking soda and water solution beat out both bleach and tap water after two minutes of cleaning, and again after eight minutes. After 12 to 15 minutes of washing, the formula had removed virtually all external pesticides, as well as some that had begun to seep below the fruit’s surface. The very lengthy washing wiped out 80% of the thiabendazole and 96% of the phosmet.«
http://time.com/4993253/washing-apples-pesticides/
Effectiveness of Commercial and Homemade Washing Agents in Removing Pesticide Residues on and in Apples
Tianxi Yang, Jeffery Doherty, Bin Zhao, Amanda J. Kinchla, John M. Clark, and Lili He
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017 65 (44), 9744-9752
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03118
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03118
SPECT scan izvid
pacientke:
http://ourlittleplace.com/health-risks-of-perfume/spect-scan-of-mcs-patient-s-brain
Strupene snovi v
dimu:
https://woodsmokepollution.org/toxins.html
Uredbe v zvezi z dimom po svetu:
http://woodsmoke.3sc.net/policies-elsewhere
Utah - “No-burn" season is
from November to the end of February
http://kutv.com/news/local/neighbor-burning-wood-deq-wants-you-to-turn-them-in
Napotki za izbiro
zobozdravnikov in zobozdravstvenih materialov:
http://www.chemicalfree.co.uk/downloads/Dentists.pdf
Abdel-Rahman A, Abou-Donia S, El-Masry
E, Shetty A, Abou-Donia M. Stress and combined exposure to low doses of
pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin produce neurochemical and
neuropathological alterations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Jan 23;67(2):163-92
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14675905
Abdel-Rahman A, Dechkovskaia AM,
Goldstein LB, Bullman SH, Khan W, El-Masry EM, Abou-Donia MB. Neurological
deficits induced by malathion, DEET, and permethrin, alone or in combination in
adult rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Feb 27;67(4):331-56. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14713564
Abou-Donia MB, Dechkovskaia AM,
Goldstein LB, Abdel-Rahman A, Bullman SL, Khan WA. Co-exposure to
pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and/or permethrin causes sensorimotor deficit and
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Francija, full text
»Our data strongly suggest that EHS and MCS can be objectively characterized and routinely diagnosed by commercially available simple tests. Both disorders appear to involve inflammation-related hyper-histaminemia, oxidative stress, autoimmune response, capsulothalamic hypoperfusion and BBB opening, and a deficit in melatonin metabolic availability; suggesting a risk of chronic neurodegenerative disease. Finally the common co-occurrence of EHS and MCS strongly suggests a common pathological mechanism.«
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full text, 156 diagnosed MCS, 94 suspected MCS
»We found significantly higher frequency of polymorphisms CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*41 in patients compared with controls. This confirms that these genetic variants represent a genetic risk factor for SRI. Moreover, the compound heterozygosity for CYP2C9*2 and *3 variants was useful to discriminate between either MCS or FM/CFS versus SMCS, while the PM *41/*41 genotype discriminated between MCS and either SMCS or FM/CFS. The compound heterozygosity for CYP2C9 *1/*3 and CYP2D6 *1/*4 differentiated MCS and SMCS cases from FM/CFS ones. Interestingly, despite the distribution of the AHR Arg554Lys variant did not result significantly different between SRI cases and controls, it resulted useful for the discrimination between MCS and SMCS cases when considered within haplotypes in combination with CYP2C19 *1/*2 and CYP2D6 *1/*4. Results allowed us to propose the genotyping for these specific CYP variants, together with the AHR Arg554Lys variant, as reliable, cost-effective genetic parameters to be included in the still undefined biomarkers' panel for laboratory diagnosis of the main types of environmental-borne SRI.«
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full text, Japonska, 324 Japanese male workers
»We observed that high chemical sensitive individuals diagnosed by using Japanese criteria as MCS patients were more significantly associated with SOD2 polymorphisms.«
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De Luca, Chiara et al.: Biological definition of multiple chemical sensitivity from redox state and cytokine profiling and not from polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Volume 248, Issue 3, 1 November 2010, Pages 285–292
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ScienceDirect Italija
»Altered redox and cytokine patterns suggest inhibition of expression/activity
of metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in MCS. Metabolic parameters indicating
accelerated lipid oxidation, increased nitric oxide production and glutathione
depletion in combination with increased plasma inflammatory cytokines should be
considered in biological definition and diagnosis of MCS.«
De Luca, Chiara et al., “Metabolic and Genetic Screening of Electromagnetic Hypersensitive Subjects as a Feasible Tool for Diagnostics and Intervention,” Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2014, Article ID 924184, 14 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/924184
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ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITIES RESEARCH AT JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY
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"Infant diarrhea and earache were statistically significantly associated
with air freshener use, and diarrhea and vomiting were significantly associated
with aerosol use. Headache experienced by mothers 8 mo after birth was
significantly associated with the use of air fresheners and aerosols; maternal
depression was significantly associated with the use of air fresheners."
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full text, Kanada, review
»Often thought to be a manifestation of disordered psychology, many researchers and clinicians have rejected CS as a pathophysiologic condition. Some have welcomed the forthcoming American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Revision, diagnosis of somatic symptoms disorder8 as a fitting diagnostic category for attribution of this clinical presentation. A mounting body of evidence, however, suggests that the millions of individuals suffering from this apparently new CS disorder have common features and may have a common etiology.«
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Heuser, Gunnar: The Role of the Brain and Mast Cells in MCS
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Švedska
»Subjects with MCS process odors differently from controls, however, without signs of neuronal sensitization. One possible explanation for the observed pattern of activation in MCS is a top-down regulation of odor-response via cingulate cortex.«
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»We identified 183 substances whose levels were beyond the normal detection limit. The most prominent differences included significant increases in the levels of both hexanoic acid and pelargonic acid, and also a significant decrease in the level of acetylcarnitine in patients with MCS. In conclusion, using metabolomics analysis, we uncovered a hitherto unrecognized alteration in the levels of metabolites in MCS. These changes may have important biological implications and may have a
significant potential for use as biomarkers.«
Kaye H. KILBURN: Brain But Not Lung
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»reviewed epidemiological, genetic, and biochemical data on the involvement and possible role of cytochrome P450 super family enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase isozymes, catechol-O-methyl-transferase, UDP-glucuronosyl transferases, and proteins detoxifying inorganic and organic peroxides (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin)«
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»Methylation of arginine residues in dopamine receptors in humans and worms promotes signaling and functional responses.«
Hyperosmia (heightened sense of smell)
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Why mutant worms are extra sensitive to odor, November 11th, 2015 Posted by Charlotte Hsu-Buffalo
"PRMT stands for “protein arginine methyltransferase,” and PRMT enzymes facilitate the chemical process of arginine methylation, the fastening of a methyl group (made from one carbon and three hydrogen atoms) to proteins inside cells."
"A side effect of losing PRMT-5 in C. elegans is a heightened sense of smell: In the worms, dopamine signaling acts as a brake or check on the sensory system’s response to odorants. So when you remove PRMT-5 and diminish dopamine signaling, the brake comes off and the mutant worms react more strongly to odor, Ferkey says."
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Martini, A., Iavicoli, S. and Corso, L.: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and the Workplace: Current Position and Need for an Occupational Health Surveillance Protocol, Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013; 2013: 351457. Published online 2013 Jun 16. doi: 10.1155/2013/35145
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697784/?report=classic
full text, Italija, review
»More occupational physicians need to be “sensitive” to MCS, so that these workers are recognized promptly, the work is adapted as necessary, and preventive measures are promoted in the workplace.a diagnostic strategy,which may be useful to occupational physicians.«
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203 patients, full text, Kanada
»Comparing cases and controls, significant differences were found in genotype distributions for CYP2D6 (P = 0.02) and NAT2 (P = 0.03). Compared with the referent homozygous inactive (CYP2D6) or slow (NAT2) metabolizers, the odds for being CYP2D6 homozygous active (OR = 3.36, P = 0.01) and NAT2 rapid (OR = 4.14, P = 0.01) were significantly higher in cases than controls. The odds for being heterozygous for PON1-55 (OR = 2.05, P = 0.04) and PON1-192 (OR =1.57, P = 0.04) were also significantly higher in cases.«
Meggs William J.: The Role of Neurogenic Inflammation in Chemical Sensitivity. Ecopsychology. June 2017, 9(2): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2016.0045
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Karolina
»The scientific evidence that neurogenic inflammation plays a role in chemical sensitivity is presented in this review article.«
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MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, May 16-17, 2001, Aylmer, Quebec
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"This study found 156
different VOCs emitted from the 37 products, with an average of 15 VOCs per
product. Of these 156 VOCs, 42 VOCs are classified as toxic or hazardous under
U.S.federal laws, and each product emitted at least one of these chemicals.
Emissions of carcinogenic hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) fromgreen fragranced
products were not significantly different from regular fragranced
products."
"Results identified 595 VOCs emitted from the 24 essential oils,
representing 188 different VOCs. The most common VOCs emitted were
alpha-pinene, limonene, acetone, linalool, alpha-phellandrene, beta-myrcene,
and camphene. Among the 589 VOCs identified, 124 VOCs, representing 33
different VOCs, are classified as potentially hazardous. All natural and
regular essential oils emitted one or more potentially hazardous VOCs, such as
acetaldehyde, acetone, and ethanol. Toluene was also found in 50% of essential
oils. Moreover, for the prevalent VOCs classified as potentially hazardous, no
significant difference was found between regular and natural essential
oils."
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